Uterine Fibroid Embolization

Description:

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are common growths that can develop in the muscular wall of the uterus. They vary in size and number and can cause a range of symptoms, including heavy menstrual bleeding, pelvic pain, pressure, and urinary or bowel issues. 

Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) is a minimally invasive medical procedure used to treat uterine fibroids, which are non-cancerous growths that develop in the uterus. This procedure aims to shrink or eliminate fibroids by blocking their blood supply, thereby reducing their size and relieving associated symptoms. UFE offers an alternative to surgical interventions like hysterectomy (uterus removal) or myomectomy (fibroid removal), allowing women to retain their uterus while addressing fibroid-related symptoms.

Etiology/Risk Factors:

The exact cause of uterine fibroids is unclear, but hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone, are thought to play a role in their growth. Risk factors for developing fibroids include age (most common during reproductive years), family history, obesity, and certain hormonal conditions.

Symptoms:

Symptoms of uterine fibroids can vary depending on their size, number, and location. Common symptoms include heavy menstrual bleeding, prolonged periods, pelvic pain or pressure, frequent urination, difficulty emptying the bladder, constipation, and lower back pain. These symptoms can impact a woman's quality of life and well-being.

Diagnostics Tests & Procedures:

1. Pelvic Examination: A healthcare provider may detect uterine fibroids during a routine pelvic examination.
2. Ultrasound: Transvaginal or abdominal ultrasound can provide detailed images of the uterus and fibroids, helping to identify their size, location, and characteristics.
3. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): MRI can offer more detailed images of fibroids, aiding in treatment planning.

Uterine Fibroid Embolization Procedure:

During the procedure, a thin catheter is inserted through a small incision along the groin and is guided to the blood vessels supplying the fibroids. Small coils are then injected in order to block blood flow – causing the fibroids to shrink over time. By depriving fibroids of their blood supply, UFE aims to alleviate symptoms while preserving the uterus. The procedure is typically performed under local anesthesia, and most patients can return to normal activities within a week or two.